1. Cotton based multi-tier vegetables intercropping system was developed to enhance the economic return of cotton production system. Multi-tier inter cropping of cotton+ radish + beet root +coriander system registered the gross return of Rs1,31,392/ha , net return of Rs.85,644/ha and benefit cost ratio of 2.9 as compared to sole cotton system ,arrived the gross return of Rs.62,960/ha , net return of Rs 33,077/ha and benefit cost ratio of2.1

2. Spacing requirement and plant population was standardized for Bt cotton hybrid. An optimum plant population of 22,222 plants/ha (75 x 60cm spacing) and application of 125% of recommended N, P, & K(112.5:56:56 Kg N,P & K/ha) is recommended for Bt hybrid (MECH 162) during winter irrigated season.

3. Suitability of Bt for late sowing was identified. Cultivation of Bt cotton hybrid (MECH 162) for delayed sowing on 15th sep. under Coimbatore climate conditions could perform better (42.3%higher yield) than corresponding non Bt isogenic lines in winter irrigated season.

4.Bt cotton + bhendi intercropping system is recommended (planting of two rows of bhendi (Arka anamica) between Bt cotton pair (105 cm) (75-105x60 cm-pair row planting) for higher return (55% higher net return) during winter irrigated season.

5. In winter irrigated cotton, scheduling of protective irrigation was standardized. Depending upon the availability of water, if water is available for only one irrigation, it should be given at boll development stage(produced 89.5%of maximum yield). If water is there to give only two irrigations, then irrigation has to be scheduled, one during flowering and another at boll development (produced 95%of maximum yield ). If three irrigation are possible, then squaring, flowering and boll development stages are to be irrigated (produced 98%of maximum yield).

6. Economical method (microtube technique) of drip system was developed. As per the method, cotton crop was planted with pair row geometry and one lateral is placed between the two pair rows and microtubes are extended to either side of the pairs for delivery of water. Spaces between the pair rows were used for raising cowpea as intercrop. The total cost of drip system for economical method (microtube) is Rs 32,125/ha and ordinary drip system is Rs. 62750/ha.

7. Low cost drip system was developed by using poly tubes instead of existing LLDPE lateral .Polytubes punctured at regular interval (60 cm) , tied by waste clothes to avoid jet action was placed between the pair rows for water delivery .Poly tube drip system is 77 per cent less cost and equally effective as compared to existing drip irrigation system

1.Development of production technologies for Bt cotton and improvement of water and nutrient use efficiency with precision farming techniques

2.Water management in G.hirsutum and G.barbadense cotton

3. Evaluation of suitable cotton based cropping system for higher production and economic return.

1. Sankaranarayanan, K .; C.S. Praharaj ; P.Nalayini and N.Gopalakrishnan. 2006 . Drip-fertigation in ELS cotton production . In: Proceeding of the National Workshop on "Increasing ELS cotton production in India" was held on 6-7 th Oct. 06, organized by Directorate of Cotton Development, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture , Mumbai collaboration with State Dept of Agriculture, Govt. of Tamil Nadu at Tamil Nadu agricultural University, Coimbatore.
2. Praharaj,C.S., T.P. Rajendran and K. Sankaranarayanan . 20 06 . Comparative performance of irrigated Hirsutum cotton in conventional and organic packages in black clay loam soils of Tamil Nadu. Journal of Indian Society for Cotton Improvement 31 (2): 99-104.
3. Nalayini,P; K.Sankaranarayanan and N.Gopalakrisnan 2006.Agronomic management of ELS cotton. In: Proceeding of the National Workshop on "Increasing ELS cotton production in India" was held on 6-7 th Oct. 06 organized by Directorate of Cotton Development, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture , Mumbai collaboration with State Dept of Agriculture, Govt. of Govt. of Tamil Nadu at Tamil Nadu agricultural University, Coimbatore
4. Sankaranarayanan, K . C.S. Praharaj P. Nalayini and Anderson Kumar (2007). Augmenting economic return and enhances resource use efficiency in cotton through cotton based multitier intercropping system. Paper presented in National Academy of Agricultural Science Congress on "Science for food, livelihood Security and Rural prosperity" organised at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University , Coimbatore on 15-17 Feb., 2007.
5. Sankaranarayanan, K . C.S. Praharaj P. Nalayini and Anderson Kumar (2007).Evaluation of suitability and economic feasibility of using micro tubes for water delivery in drip irrigation system in cotton. In: Proceedings of the "3 rd International Groundwater Conference - 2007 on Water, Environment and Agriculture : present problems and future challenges" organized by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during 7 th to 10 th February 2007.
6. Praharaj, C.S .; T.P. Rajendran and K. Sankaranarayanan 2007 . Studies on the performance of irrigated hirsutum cotton with NPK nutrition met through various organic sources. In: Proc. Intern. Conf. on Natural Farming and farmers' Knowledge (CCSHAU, Hisar, Hyderabad , India during 14-16 th June 2007 )
7. Praharaj, C.S . ; K. Sankaranarayanan and T.P. Rajendran 2006 . Long term studies on the sustainability of the cotton based cropping systems and nutrient schedules on a calcareous clay loam soils of South India . Proc. Intern. Symp. on "Balanced Fertilization for Sustainability Crop Productivity " ( PAU , Ludhiana , Punjab , India , 22-25 th Nov., 2006 )
8. Praharaj, C.S .; T.P. Rajendran and K. Sankaranarayanan 2007 . Studies on the changes in soil-physical & chemical properties and crop productivity under various soil cover on a freshly reclaimed sodic soil. In: International Conference of Natural Farming and farmers' Knowledge held at CCS HAU, Hisar, India during 14-16 th Dec. 2007 p. 45
9. Nalayini,P;S.Paul Raj, T.P. Rajendran K.Sankaranarayanan and R.Anandham 2007.Evaluation of drip,poly mulching and drip + poly mulching for enhanced water use efficiency and crop productivity of cotton-maize cropping system. In: Proceedings of the "3 rd International Groundwater Conference - 2007 on Water, Environment and Agriculture : present problems and future challenges" organized by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during 7 th to 10 th February 2007
10. Sankaranarayanan, K., P.Nalayini, C.S.Praharaj and B.Dharajothi (2004)Effect of dates of sowing on the productivity of Bt cotton hybrid.Contributory paper published in the International Symposium on "Strategies for Sustainable Cotton Production - A Global vision", on 23-25 th Nov. 04, UAS, Dharwad, pp.103-104.
11. Praharaj, C.S., K.Sankaranarayanan and T.P.Rajendran (2004)Studies on fibre yield and quality as influenced by cropping system and integrated nutrient scheduling to cotton.Contributory paper published in the International Symposium on "Strategies for Sustainable Cotton Production - A Global vision", on 23-25 th Nov. 04, UAS, Dharwad, pp.69-74.
12. Praharaj, C.S., T.P.Rajendran and K.Sankaranarayanan (2004) Studies on the incorporation of various organic resources to soil on the performance of hirsutum cotton. Contributory paper published in the International Symposium on "Strategies for Sustainable Cotton Production - A Global vision", on 23-25 th Nov. 04, UAS, Dharwad, pp.130-132.
13. Nalayini, P., T.P.Rajendran, R.Anandhan, K.Sankaranarayanan and Anderson A.Kumar (2004)Polythene mulching - a new technique for better water management and efficient weed control in cotton.Contributory paper published in the International Symposium on "Strategies for Sustainable Cotton Production - A Global vision", on 23-25 th Nov. 04, UAS, Dharwad, pp.75-77.
14. Sankaranarayanan. K., and A.Solaimalai (2004)Relative performance of multi cut fodder sorghum varieties and their ratoons to nitrogen levels under sole and intercropping situations J. Curr. Sci., 5(1): 299-302.
15. Sankaranarayanan, K., A.Solaimalai and C.Muralidaran (2004)Influence of multi cut fodder sorghum varieties, intercropping of cowpea and levels of nitrogen application on post harvest soil fertility status and soil nitrogen balance.Indian J. Environ. & Ecoplan, 8(1): 189-191.
16. Ram Singh, Bimal Misri and K.Sankaranarayana n (2003) Lantana camara - A threat to growing animals in Himachal PradeshIndian Farmer's Digest, 36: 11-12.
17. Sankaranarayanan, K., N.Kempuchetty and S.Anbumani (1999) Integrated weed management in soybean J. Andamon Science Assoc., 15(2): 44-46.
18. Baskar, M., A.Solaimalai, C.Sivakumar, K.Sankaranarayanan and G.Sudhakar. 2000.Role of phosphorus, zinc and phosphobacteria on soybean - A reviewAgriculture Review, 21(1): 60-65.